Pontifices
The College of Pontiffs was a powerful and influential group of priests in ancient Rome. As the highest-ranking religious body, they were responsible for overseeing the state religion and ensuring the proper performance of rituals.
The College of Pontiffs consisted of the Pontifex Maximus, the highest-ranking priest, and other pontifices. The College also included the Rex Sacrorum, the fifteen flamines, and the Vestals. Membership in the College was highly prestigious and was typically reserved for members of powerful families.
The College of Pontiffs had a wide range of responsibilities, including:
- Interpreting Religious Law: The Pontifex Maximus and the other pontifices were experts in religious law and customs. They interpreted the laws and ensured that they were followed correctly.
- Supervising Rituals: The College oversaw the performance of public and private sacrifices and other religious rituals. They ensured that these rituals were conducted according to proper procedures.
- Managing the Calendar: The College was responsible for regulating the Roman calendar, determining the days on which religious and political events could be held.
- Maintaining Sacred Records: The College maintained the libri pontificales, a collection of sacred texts that included records of religious rituals, laws, and historical events.
- Advising the Senate: The College advised the Senate on religious matters and provided guidance on important decisions.
The College of Pontiffs evolved over time, both in terms of its membership and its responsibilities. Initially, only patricians were eligible to become pontifices. However, the Lex Ogulnia in 300 BC granted plebeians the right to hold this position. The number of members in the College also increased over time. Originally consisting of three members, it eventually grew to fifteen.
Digital Maps of the Ancient World 