Digital Maps of the Ancient World

Thoth

Thoth, often depicted with the head of an ibis or as a baboon, held a revered position in ancient Egyptian mythology as the god of wisdom, writing, hieroglyphs, science, magic, art, judgment, and the dead.

Symbols: Ibis, papyrus scroll, baboon, reed pens, stylus, writing palette, scales
Cult Centre: Hermopolis
Consort: Ma’at
Children: Seshat
Greek equivalent: Hermes
Roman equivalent: Mercury

As the patron deity of scribes and scholars, Thoth was believed to possess unparalleled knowledge and insight, serving as a guide to those seeking enlightenment and understanding. His association with writing and language made him a pivotal figure in the development of Egyptian culture and civilization, while his role as a judge ensured justice and balance in the afterlife.

Roles

Thoth’s multifaceted nature in Egyptian mythology is indeed remarkable. As the scribe of the gods, he is revered for his role in the invention of writing and hieroglyphs, fundamental to the preservation of knowledge and communication in ancient Egypt. Beyond the mortal realm, Thoth assumes the vital duty of maintaining equilibrium in the Underworld, ensuring justice by weighing the hearts of the deceased against the feather of Maat. His mastery extends to both physical and moral law, embodying the principles of Ma’at and upholding cosmic order.

Moreover, Thoth’s divine wisdom encompasses a vast array of disciplines. Egyptians attributed to him the creation of the heavens, stars, Earth, and all that inhabits them, highlighting his pivotal role in the establishment of the universe. Additionally, he is credited as the author of various sciences, religions, philosophies, and magical practices. The Greeks further elevated his stature, proclaiming him the originator of astronomy, astrology, mathematics, geometry, medicine, botany, theology, and various other fields of knowledge. In their reverence, they attributed to Thoth the authorship of every significant work, both human and divine, underscoring his unparalleled significance in the pantheon of ancient gods.