Digital Maps of the Ancient World

Pachamama

Pachamama is a revered deity in Andean mythology, particularly among the Inca people. She is often referred to as the “Earth Mother,” embodying the fertility of the land and presiding over planting, harvesting, and earthquakes.

Parents: Viracocha
Consort: Viracocha, Pachacamac, Inti
Children: Mama Killa, Inti

As a powerful and independent deity, Pachamama is believed to have her own creative power to sustain life on Earth. Her shrines are often found at hallowed rocks or the base of legendary trees. Artists frequently depict her as an adult female bearing harvests of potatoes or coca leaves, symbolizing her connection to the land.

The four cosmological Quechua principles—Water, Earth, Sun, and Moon—are said to originate from Pachamama. To honor her, priests perform sacrifices, offering llamas, guinea pigs, and intricate, miniature garments. Pachamama is also considered the mother of Inti, the sun god, and Mama Killa, the moon goddess.

Following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, many indigenous populations syncretized their beliefs with Roman Catholicism. As a result, the figure of the Virgin Mary became associated with Pachamama for many people.