Saturnalia
The Saturnalia was a week-long festival celebrated from 17th to 23rd December in honor of Saturn, the god of agriculture and time. This festive period was characterized by a reversal of social norms, with slaves being served by their masters and gambling becoming acceptable.
Date: 17th-23rd December
Deity: Saturn
Observances: Public sacrifice and banquet, feasting, role reversals, gift-giving, gambling
The Saturnalia began with a traditional sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn, a ritual to honor the god and seek his blessings. This was followed by a public banquet, where people gathered to enjoy food and drink together.
Gift-giving was a prominent feature of the Saturnalia. Friends and family exchanged small presents, often gag gifts or figurines known as sigillaria. The festival also saw a temporary reversal of social roles, with slaves being served by their masters and participating in the festivities on equal terms.
A unique aspect of the Saturnalia was the election of a “King of the Saturnalia.” This person was given temporary authority and presided over the festivities. The King of the Saturnalia could issue orders, and people were expected to follow them, creating a playful and chaotic atmosphere.
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